Conflict Causes

Costs of Company-Community Conflict in the Extractive Sector

2014 | Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative
Rachel Davis and Daniel Franks

Over the past decade, high mineral and energy commodity prices have driven expansion of the extractive sector. Mineral and energy developments profoundly transform environments, communities…

Ground for Peace: Land Restoration for International Peace and Security

2024 | United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
Beatrice Mosello, Mary Elizabeth Potts, Hector Morales Munoz, Sandor Msdar, and Oli Brown

For more than three billion people, land is core to their survival, wellbeing, and dignity. However, with between 20–40% of total global land area degraded…

From Crisis to Conflict: Climate Change and Violent Extremism in the Sahel

2024 | Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
Kitty Mant, Jaynisha Patel, and Sandun Munasingshe

The central Sahel region is a stark testament to the devastating effects of climate change. The region is now in a sustained emergency. The consequences…

Adapting to Climate Change under Threats of Violence: A Comparative Institutional Analysis of Incentives for Conflict and Collaboration

2025 | Current Research in Environmental Sustainability
Leonardo Medina, Grazia Pacillo, Peter Laderach, Stefan Sieber, and Michele Bonatti

Research on climate and conflict often emphasizes violence and its drivers, overlooking the prevalence of collaboration in shaping social relations. Addressing this gap, this study…

Climate Change and Conflict in the Pacific: Challenges and Responses

2024 | Routledge
Ria Shibata, Seforosa Carroll, and Volker Boege

This book highlights the multidimensionality of the problems: political, technical, material, and emotional and psychological. Written by experts in the field, the chapters highlight the…

Adaptation and Peace: Extending the Agenda for Capacity-Building in Climate and Conflict-Affected Communities

2024 | WIREs Climate Change
Luisa F.B.Taborda, Michele L. Barnes, and Tiffany H. Morrison

Climate change impacts on the social–ecological conditions that communities depend on may increase the vulnerabilities to new conflicts. Yet, the communities that will be most…

Community Voices on Climate, Peace, and Security: Mindanao, Philippines

2024 | CGIAR
Leonardo Medina, Adam Savelli, Vanessa Souza de Matos, Setenay Kizilkaya, Mark Anthony Torres, Jayrold Arcede, Stéphanie Jaquet, Jon Hellin, Stefan Sieber, Michelle Bonatti, and Grazia Pacillo

This Community Voices on Climate, Peace and Security series report presents the results of a participatory appraisal conducted with residents of three localities across Mindanao,…

The EU’s Triple-Nexus Challenge: Climate, Conflict, Democracy

2024 | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Richard Youngs, Ricardo Farinha, Jasper Linke, and Jeremy Wetterwald

The EU’s fragmented approaches to the crises of climate change, conflict, and democracy fall short by not addressing the mutually reinforcing links between them. Brussels needs an integrated strategy to tackle…

Why Early Warnings Are Critical for Climate Action and Conflict Prevention

2024 | United States Institute of Peace
Brittany Croll and Cassandra Schneider

Amid a changing climate, understanding the interplay between extreme environmental events and conflict is only growing more important. Droughts, floods and other natural disasters can…

Silence Is Golden: A Report on the Exploitation of Artisanal Gold Miners to Fund War, Terrorism and Organised Crime.

2024 | World Gold Council
Dominic Raab

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) provides income for millions of people in over 80 countries across the world. On some estimates, 80% of ASGM…

Charted: A Decade of Rising Water Conflicts (2010–2023)

2024 | Visual Capitalist

Some of humanity’s earliest wars were fought over water, one of the most essential resources for survival. Modern day water violence has now expanded in…

Conflict, Climate and Extreme Poverty: Time for a New Approach -- Speech by David Miliband, President and CEO, International Rescue Committee

2024 | International Rescue Committee
David Milibrand

It’s nice to be back at Chatham House. I spoke here in November 2022 about the UK’s place in a changing world. Today I want…

Commodities as Weapons: How Russia's Natural Resources are Fuelling Its Imperialistic Aggression against the West

2024 | Macdonald Laurier
Sergey Sukhankin

Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 caused a series of economic and geopolitical shocks that have jolted the world’s economy and security. However,…

Climate, Peace and Security: Kenya

2024 | CGIAR Climate Security Observatory

Climate security explores whether climate change increases the risk of armed conflict and, if so, under which circumstances this relationship occurs. People in fragile and…

States and Nature: The Effects of Climate Change on Security [Video]

2024 | UCLA
Joshua W. Busby

Under what circumstances might climate change lead to negative security outcomes? Over the past fifteen years, a rapidly growing applied field and research community on…

Rural Poverty, Violence, and Power: Rejecting and Endorsing Gender Mainstreaming by Food Security NGOs in Armenia and Georgia

2021 | ScienceDirect
Anna Jenderedjian and Anne C. Bellows

Gender mainstreaming (GM) is a strategy to empower women and promote gender equality. Using mixed-methods, this study draws on perspectives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in…

Rethinking Climate Conflicts: The Role of Climate Action and Inaction

2024 | World Development
Tobias Ide

The climate-conflict nexus has attracted significant academic and policy interest, but such discussions are often based on a narrow conception of the phenomenon. This article…

New Evidence on the Economics of Climate and Conflict

2024 | National Bureau of Economic Research
Marshall Burke, Joe Ferguson, Solomon M. Hsiang, and Edward Miguel

The authors survey the quantitative research literature linking climate and conflict, a body of research that spans multiple academic disciplines and has roughly doubled in…

Climate Security at NATO: Looking beyond Today’s Wars

2024 | Istituto Affari Internazionali
Louise van Schaik

The celebration of 75 years of NATO existence in Washington DC confirmed a remaining strong support to Ukraine and singled out China as enabler of…

Climate, Peace and Security: Kenya

2024 | CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security

People in fragile and conflict-affected areas are also among the most vulnerable to climate change, making it vital to understand the climate-conflict interplay for resilience…

Journalist Peter Schwartzstein on the Link between Climate Change and Conflict [Video]

2024 | France 24

From farmers-turned-pirates in Bangladesh to jihadists in Iraq using drought as a recruiting tool, a new book by environmental journalist Peter Schwartzstein explores the link…

Measuring the Climate Security Nexus: The Integrated Climate Security Framework

2024 | PLOS Climate
Grazia Pacillo, Leonardo Medina, Theresa Liebig, Bia Carneiro, et al.

International, regional, and national organizations, alongside policymakers, are increasingly acknowledging the crucial connection between climate, peace, and security. However, there remains a notable gap in…

Conflicts over Water and Energy Resources in Central Asia and Their Impact on Women's Rights

2024 | International University of Kyrgyzstan
Gulima A. Seitalieva

Central Asia has sufficient water and energy resources. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have large reserves of fresh water. Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan have oil and gas.…

From Forests to Frontlines: Echoes of Ecofeminism and Antimilitarism in Congo's Struggle

2024 | Jamia Millia Islamia
Hajar Taha

Amidst the tumultuous currents of our world, rife with armed conflicts, rampant militarism, forced displacements, humanitarian crises, and the unsettling rise of far-right ideologies, ecofeminists…

Supporting Conflict-Resilient Food Systems in Sudan

2024 | Conflict Sensitivity Facility

New report reveals critical insights for supporting conflict-sensitive food systems in Sudan’s famine response After 18 months of conflict in Sudan, famine has been confirmed…

Climate Change and Conflict in BARMM

2024 | UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

Known as the Philippines' "food basket", Mindanao relies heavily on agriculture, with more than 48% of its workforce employed in this sector and with one-third…

Land, Cows, and Bullets: An Untold History of Cattle Ranching during the Armed Conflict in Colombia, 1980–2010

2024 | International Center for Tropical Agriculture and Tropical Forages Program
Natalia Triana Ángel, Stefan Burkart, and Mateo Pazos Cárdenas

This article reflects on the history of cattle ranching in Colombia and how it was impacted by the armed conflict in the country and its…

Conflict-Induced Food Insecurity in Mali: Examining the Links between Conflict and Hunger - August 2024

2024 | Insecurity Insight

This report forms part of a series examining the links between conflict and hunger. It focuses on reported conflict incidents of food-related violence in Mali between 1 January 2019…

Environmental Pathways for Reconciliation in Yemen: Consultation Report 2024

2024 | European Institute of Peace
Tània Ferré Garcia, Laura Geres, Suaad Al-Salahi, Hisham al-Omeisy, and Albert Martinez

This report presents the results of an extensive consultation as part of EIP’s project, Environmental Pathways for Reconciliation in Yemen, which aims to support locally…

Peter Schwartzstein: Climate Violence in the Middle East [Video]

2024 | Center for Strategic and International Studies

This week on Babel, Jon Alterman speaks with Peter Schwartzstein, an environmental journalist who reports on water, food security, and the conflict-climate nexus in around…