Governance


Rising Temperatures, Rising Tensions: The Urban Climate-Conflict Nexus amid the Global Housing Crisis

2025 | UN-Habitat

Our world faces a convergence of crises: accelerating climate change, escalating conflicts, and rapid urbanization with extensive housing and basic service inadequacy. 2024 was the…


The Rogun Dam Project: Evolution from Conflict to Cooperation between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

2025 | Frontiers
Kazimierz Salewicz and Mikiyasu Nakayama

The Rogun Dam project, designed to be the world's tallest dam, represents a remarkable case of transboundary water conflict transformation in Central Asia. This study…


The Hydraulic Hegemon: India’s Weaponization of Transboundary Rivers

2025 | E-International Relations
Md Tariqul Islam Tanvir and Shafi Md Mostofa

Bangladesh’s push for a longer, more predictable Ganges Water Treaty has brought India’s upstream tactics back into sharp focus. In a region where water scarcity…


Energy Production Potential of Afghanistan: Balancing Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy for National Electrification and Energy Independence

2025 | Journal of Natural Science Review
Lutfullah Safi, Kawoon Sahak, and Hayatullah Mushwani

The world is transitioning towards renewable energy sources to decarbonize the energy supply and meet the growing global energy demand. In 2023, the global investment…


The Critical Minerals Conundrum: What You Should Know

2025 | World Resources Institute
Serena Li and Ke Wang

The world is racing to increase supplies of lithium, cobalt, copper and other "critical minerals" that are building blocks of modern technology. Not only are…


The Environment, Conflict, and Peace in Sudan: From Response to Recovery

2025 | Conflict and Environment Observatory

This collaboration between the Conflict Sensitivity Facility and CEOBS aims to foster a greater understanding of how the environment interacts with conflict and peace in…


EnPAx Icon The Future of Transitional Justice amidst the Environmental Challenges in (Post) Conflict Areas [Video]

2025 | Environmental Peacebuilding Association

Hosted by the Transitional Justice Interest Group (TJ-IG) of the Environmental Peacebuilding Association, this webinar examines how transitional justice frameworks can evolve to address the…


Climate-Resilient Investment in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations: Opportunities for Business?

2025 | Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Katongo Seyuba and Florian Krampe

Climate change exacerbates risk in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS), deepening vulnerabilities, disrupting livelihoods and heightening the risk of violent conflict. These dynamics create a…


Environmental Peacebuilding in Colombia: Leveraging Synergies between Environment, Climate, Peace and Security Policies

2025 | adelphi research
Hector Morales Munoz, Nina Schmelzer, Alina Viehoff, Benjamin Pohl, and Juanita Velez

This report analyses the peacebuilding policy approaches of the Santos, Duque, and Petro administrations in Colombia and explores environmental peacebuilding good practices at the local…


UNMISS Engagement with Floods

2025 | UN Mission in South Sudan

This publication examines UNMISS's strategic engagement with climate-induced flooding in 2024, framing this involvement as a practical operationalization of its core mandate to protect civilians…


Fishers' Rights Matter: Mapping Small-Scale Fisheries Landing and Smoking Sites in Liberia to Assess Environmental and Legal Risks to Their Tenure Rights

2025 | Environmental Justice Foundation

Liberia’s small-scale fisheries are the backbone of coastal livelihoods, but they face mounting threats from coastal erosion, mangrove destruction, and insecure land rights. Fishing communities’…


Resource Curse in the Age of Critical Minerals: Geopolitical Forces and Market Maturity

2025 | Science Direct
Juergen Braunstein and Marina Chuchko

The global demand for critical minerals—such as lithium, cobalt, and rare earth elements—essential to renewable energy and technology, raises concerns about a modern resurgence of…


Study Maps Disputes, Conflicts along Amazon Borders

2025 | Agência Brasil
Rafael Cardoso

The Amazon is a strategic biome for global climate regulation, home to unique biodiversity and diverse traditional cultures. Beyond its environmental and cultural richness, the…


Strengthening the OSCE’s Climate Security Agenda

2025 | Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Emma Hakala and Florian Krampe

Despite a clear mandate from the December 2021 Stockholm Ministerial Council Decision on Strengthening Co-operation to Address the Challenges Caused by Climate Change, the Organ­ization…


The Renewable Energy Transition and Political Stability in the MENA Region

2025 | Notes internacionals CIDOB
Martijn Vlaskamp

The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects global oil demand to start a slow decline over the next decade, driven by rising renewable energy use and…


Pathways to Instability: How Decreasing Oil Prices Impact Political Stability in Petrostates - Lessons From the 1980s Oil Glut

2025 | Energy Research & Social Science
Martijn C. Vlaskamp

Existing research has shown a correlation between lower oil prices and political instability in oil-rich countries. This paper examines the conditions under which declining oil…


Operationalizing Science and Technology Initiatives for Conflict Mitigation: A Strategic Framework

2025 | Global Policy
Lee Emerson Voth-Gaeddert, Mia Peterson, and Doug Momberg

As global conflict dynamics grow increasingly complex, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) offer a critical yet underutilized set of tools for advancing conflict mitigation.…


Anchored in Action: Operationalizing NATO's Climate Security Plan in the Arctic Maritime Domain

2025 | Arctic Institute
Pauline Baudu and Fabio Lissi

Since 2021 and until recently, NATO has bolstered its commitment to addressing the security implications of climate change, demonstrated by the release of foundational guiding…


The Fourth Year of the Opium Ban: An Update from Two of Afghanistan’s Major Poppy-Growing Areas

2025 | Afghanistan Analyst Network
Fabrizio Foschini and Jelena Bjelica 

The Islamic Emirate’s ban on opium cultivation has entered its fourth year and apart from the first harvest of opium poppies in spring 2022, when…


Weaponization of Natural Resources as a Hybrid Threat

2025 | CoESPU Magazine: The Online Quarterly of Stability Policing
Antimo Altomare and Marina Bizzotto

Environmental crimes is becoming more and more prominent as the widespread understanding of their short-term impacts and long-term consequences grows. Although violations of environmental laws…


Integrating Gender Perspectives into Environmental Sustainability: Ecological Security and Post-Conflict Impacts in the Middle East

2025 | Sociology and Cultural Research Review
Sania Haroon, Samrana Afzal, and Hina Butt

Understanding the pressing need to incorporate gender views into environmental sustainability initiatives in Middle Eastern conflict-affected areas with a special focus on Iraq, Syria, and…


Conflict Management as an Insular Strategy? Comparing Dyadic Learning of Dispute Resolution Strategies across Geopolitical Issues

2025 | Environment and Security
Andrew Owsiak and Sara McLaughlin Mitchell

This study considers whether and how familiarity with (past usage) and the usefulness (success) of past conflict management strategies influence the way that pairs of…


Ecocide’s Evolving Relationship with War

2025 | Environment and Security
Racheal Killean

This article examines the evolving relationship between ecocide and the regulation of war, tracing its conceptual development from a war crime to a broader environmental…


The Problem of Social Justice in Environmental Peacebuilding: Between Thin and Thick Justice in Liberia

2025 | Environment and Security
Jacobo Grajales, Kou Gbaintor Johnson, and Hueward Neal

Recent research on environmental peacebuilding has encouraged scholars to move away from technocratic definitions of peace and to pay greater attention to how peacebuilding policies…


River Conflicts and Hydrological Dominance

2025 | Environment and Security
Christina Boyes and Katherine Lynch-Dombroski

How do the direction of river flow and the dynamics of power within a river basin affect international conflict and cooperation? Studies of border disputes…


The Effectiveness of Joint Basin Institutions in Managing International Water Disputes

2025 | Environment and Security
Neda Zawahri, Susanne Schmeier, and Melissa McCracken

While cooperative interaction so far outnumbers conflictive ones between states sharing transboundary water resources, the trend of interstate disputes is on the rise due to…


War in Ukraine: The Case for Environmental Peacebuilding and Reparations

2023 | Journal of the British Academy.
Natalia Slobodian

Russia’s current large-scale unprovoked invasion of Ukraine demonstrates that the environment matters, even though it is considered a secondary issue during conflicts. The war has…


Environmental Peacebuilding as a Climate-Security Priority for the EU – Examples from the Sahel

2025 | ECDPM
Sara Gianesello and Sophie Desmidt

The Central Sahel faces interlinked crises of conflict, climate change and fragility, but responses have been fragmented. Environmental peacebuilding offers opportunities to promote cooperation between…


Geoengineering: Assessing Risks in the Era of Planetary Security

2025 | Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Olivia Lazard, Mandi Bissett, and James Dyke

The 1.5° Celsius global warming threshold that climate scientists have warned against for decades has been breached for several consecutive months over the last two…


The Linkages between Water Security, Conflict, Participation, and Governance in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling Approach

2025 | Frontiers
Lerato Phali, Denver Naidoo, and Maxwell Mudhara

The increasing competition for water resources leads to conflict, as utility-maximizing farmers aim to improve their productivity to enhance food security and economic well-being. Conflicts…