North America & Caribbean

There are 399 resources related to North America & Caribbean.


Report of the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance on Ecological Crisis, Climate Justice, and Racial Justice

2022 | UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
E. Tendayi Achiume

In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance highlights the racially discriminatory and unjust roots…


Environmental Conflict and the Expansion of Renewable Energy in Central America: Exploring Canadian Participation

2023 | Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
Simon Granovsky-Larsen and Paulina Larreátegui Benavides

As capacity to generate and distribute renewable energy expands across Central America, environmental conflict is on the rise, with communities confronting dispossession of water and…


Restoration, Land Tenure, Conflict, and Opportunities in Peacebuilding

2022 | Conservation International
Alexandra Eisinger

The international conservation community is enabling political commitments by leveraging restoration as a high-potential and scalable strategy to mitigate climate change and protect biodiversity. Pervasive…


Violence in Environmental Conflicts: The Need for a Multidimensional Approach

2018 | Sustainability Science
Grettel Navas, Sara Mingorria, and Bernardo Aguilar-González

Although studies on environmental conflicts have engaged with the subject of violence, a multidimensional approach has been lacking. Using data from 95 environmental conflicts in…


Impactos relacionados con el clima en la seguridad nacional en México y Centroamérica (Climate-Related Impacts on National Security in Mexico and Central America)

2009 | Royal United Services Institute
Shiloh Fetzek

“El cambio climático tendrá profundos efectos para México y Centroamérica, dará nueva forma a la distribución de recursos, creará una nueva dinámica para los ganadores…


Cambio Climático y Conflictividad Socioambiental en América Latina y el Caribe (Climate Change and Socio-environmental Conflict in Latin America and the Caribbean)

2018 | América Latina Hoy
Alfredo Stein Heinemann

This article contributes to the conceptual and policy debates on the relationship between climate change, security and conflict in Latin America and the Caribbean, a…


Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk

2022 | Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
José Francisco Alvarado Cóbar, Kyungmee Kim, Geoffrey Dabelko, Anniek Barnhoorn, Florian Krampe, Evelyn Salas Alfaro, Noah Bell, Claire McAllister, Emilie Broek, David Michel, Karolina Eklöw, Elise Remling, Jakob Faller, Elizabeth Smith, Andrea Gadnert, D

Behind the headlines of war in Europe and the aftershocks of the Covid-19 pandemic, our world is being drawn into a black hole of deepening twin…


Harmonising Biodiversity and Climate Action with a Peace Lens in Latin America and the Caribbean

2024 | adelphi global
Hector Morales Munoz and Lais Clemente Pereira

Biodiversity conservation plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges climate change and environmental degradation pose to human security and peace. This practical note explores…


Standing Firm: The Land and Environmental Defenders on the Frontlines of the Climate Crisis

2023 | Global Witness

For the past 11 years, Global Witness has documented and denounced waves of threats, violence and killings of land and environmental defenders across the world,…


Climate-Related Migration and the Climate-Security-Migration Nexus in the Central American Dry Corridor

2023 | Climatic Change
Jona Huber, Ignacio Madurga-Lopez, Una Murray, Peter C. McKeown, Grazia Pacillo, Peter Laderach, and Charles Spillane

The Central American Dry Corridor (CADC) is among the most climate-vulnerable regions worldwide. Climate change, commonly referred to as a “threat multiplier” of pre-existing socioeconomic…


MiRCH Update: Military Responses to Climate Disasters across the United States

2025 | Center for Climate and Security
Tom Ellison

The Center for Climate and Security’s (CCS) Military Responses to Climate Hazards (MiRCH) tracker now includes 501 deployments in 97 countries between June 2022 and…


Security Risks from Climate Change: New (Old) Conflicts in Latin America

2016 | Climate, Energy, Security
Christian Hübner

Climate change has gained a firm hold on Latin America. Hurricanes, melting glaciers, droughts and flooding are the aspects that grab the media spotlight. The increasing risks to…


Tracking Climate Securitization: Framings of Climate Security by Civil and Defense Ministries

2023 | International Studies Review
Anselm Vogler

Defense ministries regularly frame climate security in their national security strategies. Recently, “civil” ministries also begun mentioning climate security. However, they do not mean the…


Why the Drug War Endures: Local and Transnational Linkages in the North and Central America Drug Trades

2022 | Journal of Illicit Economies and Development
Cecilia Farfán-Méndez, Romain Le Cour Grandmaison, and Nathaniel Morris

Despite the well-documented human costs of the war on drugs, and the growing evidence of the environmental impacts of illicit economies, the militarized repression of…


Assessing the Relationship between Climate, Food Security and Conflict in Ethiopia and in the Central American Dry Corridor (CADC): Quantitative Analysis on the Impact of Climate Variability on Conflict in Ethiopia and in the CADC Countries

2021 | CGIAR
Grazia Pacillo, Bia Carneiro, Giuliano Resce, Giosue Ruscica, Alessandro Craparo, Ashleigh Basel, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Harold Achicanoy, Victor Villa, Alexandra Krendelsberger, and Peter Läderach

We live in a world of increasingly unpredictable, more frequent, and more extreme climate impacts, where the most vulnerable are also the most exposed to…


Guidance on Mainstreaming Gender Under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

2021 | Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
Lorena Aguilar

There is increasing recognition that the wise use and management of wetlands requires a more thorough understanding of human rights and gender-equality considerations. Numerous studies…


Gender and Disaster. Bibliography and Reference Guide, Volume 1

2020 | IRDR Centre for Gender and Disaster, University College London
Louisa Acciari, Maureen Fordham, Virginie Le Masson, Anjali Saran, Olivia Walmsley, and Punam Yadav

This first volume is part of an ongoing series to compile the literature on Gender and Disaster and to share it with other disciplines and…


Climate Migration in the Dry Corridor of Central America: Integrating a Gender Perspective

2019 | InspirAction/Christian Aid
Ivannia Ayales, Eleanor Blomstrom, Vivienne Solis Rivera, Daniela Pedraza and Paula M. Perez Briceño

The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between three factors – migration, gender and climate change – in the Central American Dry…


Climate Change and Food Security: A Test of U.S. Leadership in a Fragile World

2019 | Center for Strategic & International Studies
Chase Sova, Kimberly Flowers, and Christian Man

Climate change poses a considerable threat to global food security, with potentially existential economic, political, and social outcomes for humanity. As climate impacts worsen and…


Violent Green Spaces in Neoliberal Central America

2018 | Journal of Latin American Geography
Mary Finley-Brook

In the ten years since I wrote ‘Green Neoliberal Space,’ international finance institutions (IFIs) have continued to intervene in Central America, but regional challenges are greater…


Civil Resistance and Violent Conflict in Latin America: Mobilizing for Rights

2019 | Palgrave Macmillan
Cécile Mouly and ‎Esperanza Hernández Delgado

This book explores distinct forms of civil resistance in situations of violent conflict in cases across Latin America, drawing important lessons learned for nonviolent struggles…


Environmental Rule of Law: The First Global Report

2019 | UN Environment

Since the 1972 Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, environmental laws and institutions have expanded dramatically across the globe. All countries have at least one…


Many Ways to Lose a Billion: How Governments Fail to Secure a Fair Share of Natural Resource Wealth

2017 | Publish What You Pay Canada
Don Hubert

Countries rich in oil, gas and minerals often fail to secure a fair share of their natural resource wealth. Revenue loss from the extractive sector…


Environmental and Land Defenders: Global Patterns and Determinants of Repression

2020 | Global Environmental Change
Philippe Le Billon and Päivi Lujala

Environmental and land defenders play a crucial role in attempts to slow down environmental change and address power inequalities in land-use and resource development. Yet,…


Number of Migrant Children Moving across Latin America and the Caribbean Hits New Record amid Violence, Instability and Climate Change

2023 | UNICEF
Tess Ingram and Sendai Carolina Zea


A Systematic Review of the Effects of Climate Variability and Change on Black and Brown Bear Ecology and Interactions with Humans

2024 | Biological Conservation
Katherine A. Kurth, Katherine C. Malpeli, Joseph D. Clark, Heather E. Johnson, and Frank T. van Manen

Climate change poses a pervasive threat to humans and wildlife by altering resource availability, changing co-occurrences, and directly or indirectly influencing human-wildlife interactions. For many…


Violent and Vibrant: Mexico's Avocado Boom and Organized Crime

2024 | Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Romain Le-Cour-Grandmaison and Paul Frissard Martinez

The growing consumption of avocados globally has increased interest in the social, economic and environmental impacts of avocado production in Mexico, and in the political-criminal networks…


The Dynamic Relationship Between Military Expenditure, Environmental Pollution, and Economic Growth in G7 Countries: A Wavelet Analysis Approach

2023 | Energy and Environment
Cheng-Feng Wu, Shian-Chang Huan, Tsung-Pai Wu, Tsangyao Chang, and Meng-Chen Lin

This study applies wavelet analysis to examine the interplay between treadmill of destruction theory and environmental Kuznets curve theory in G7 countries over the period…


Environmental Warfare Tactics in Irregular Conflict

2023 | Perspectives on Politics
Anna Feuer

This article considers how, and under what conditions, actors in irregular conflicts weaponize nature. When do insurgents and counterinsurgents pursue environmental degradation—ranging from limited and…


Drivers of Conflict and Resilience in Shifting Transboundary Fisheries

2023 | Marine Policy
Jacqueline M. Vogel, Catherine Longo, Jessica Spijkers, Juliano Palacios-Abrantes, Julia Mason, Colette C.C. Wabnitz, William Cheung, U. Rashid Sumaila, Gordon Munro, Sarah Glaser, Johann Bell, Yongjun Tian, Nancy L. Shackell, Elizabeth R. Selig, Philippe

Climate change is causing fish stocks to shift, upending the social-ecological systems that rely on the historic distributions of these stocks and creating or exacerbating…