Environmental Conditions in South Sudan’s Oil-Producing Areas after the 2028 Expiry of Production-Sharing Agreements

Jun 22, 2026 | Giel Thuok Yoach Thidor
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Following independence in 2011, the Government of South Sudan assumed the existing Exploration and Production Sharing Agreement (EPSA) originally established by the Sudanese government with a consortium of Asian oil companies—China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Petronas of Malaysia, and Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) of India. Subsequently, South Sudan formalized a new EPSA framework with the consortium to regulate post-independence oil operations.