Afghanistan: The Unseen Drought: How Widespread Female Illiteracy Threatens Water Conservation

Jan 20, 2026 | Numan Rahim
Khaama Press
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Female illiteracy in Afghanistan undermines water conservation, leaving millions at risk as households struggle with scarcity, poor hygiene, and inefficient water use practices.

While global water crises are often framed around infrastructure, climate, and technology, one of the most overlooked drivers is female illiteracy. Millions of Afghan women and girls are unable to read, write, or access formal education, limiting their understanding of water management, hygiene practices, and conservation methods. As primary household managers, women’s exclusion from education directly affects water usage efficiency and community resilience.

Afghanistan faces worsening water scarcity. NGO reports show that in 2024, 23% of households lacked sufficient water for hygiene, up from 15% in 2023, and 44% lacked soap, compared to 24% previously. Female-headed households are disproportionately affected, particularly in rural areas where collecting water often exposes women to economic and safety risks.